In this topic: 3 of 4
  1. What makes a website fast
  2. What makes a website secure
  3. What makes a website safe for the people who use it
  4. The October 2026 PHP flaws reach every website that runs on PHP

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What makes a website safe for the people who use it

Safe is about the visitor. It means the site collects nothing it does not need, can be used by anyone, and does what it says, and each of those is checkable wherever your buyers are.

Quick scan

  • UK rules changed on 5 February 2026 to cover cookieless analytics, with an exception for measuring your own site if visitors are told and can object.
  • The accessibility benchmark is WCAG 2.2 level AA, which the article says meets or exceeds what the UK, EU, US and Australia require, though the US mandates no WCAG version for businesses.
  • Check your own site in five minutes: open it in a private window, press Tab, zoom to 200 per cent, test the contact form and find who runs the site.
Read the full article7 minutes
In this article

Security is about the attacker. Safety is about the visitor. A site can be locked down and still track people without asking, shut out anyone who cannot use a mouse, or promise what the page does not deliver. Here is what we mean by safe, what the law requires where our clients’ buyers are, in the UK, the EU, the USA and Australia, and how to check your own site.

Safe means three things

A safe site collects nothing from a visitor that it does not need, and says plainly what it does collect. It can be used by anyone, whatever device they have and however they need to use it. And it does what it says: the form sends, the number rings, the price is the price. An owner can check each in a few minutes.

What a site may collect

The rules differ by country, but they point the same way: collect less, and say what you collect. The UK and the EU also ask for a reason before anything is set on a visitor’s device.

United Kingdom. The rules changed on 5 February 2026. They now cover any technology that stores or reads information on a device, and also “collecting or monitoring information automatically emitted” by it, which catches the cookieless analytics tools sold as needing no consent. A new exception allows a site to measure its own use without asking, provided the sole purpose is improving the site, the visitor is told plainly, and there is a simple, free way to object.

European Union. The rule is stricter. Storing or reading anything on a visitor’s device needs consent after clear information, unless it is strictly necessary for a service the visitor asked for. The European Data Protection Board confirmed in October 2024 that this covers tracking pixels and device fingerprinting, not only cookies. The GDPR applies to any company, wherever it is, that offers goods or services to people in the EU, so a UK or US manufacturer selling into Europe is covered. It must process only the data necessary for its purpose and must tell people who it is, why it collects the data, on what legal basis, for how long, and what their rights are, in clear and plain language.

United States. There is no federal privacy law for business websites. California’s law applies to for-profit businesses that do business in California and have over $26.6 million in revenue, or hold data on 100,000 or more Californians, or make half their revenue selling personal information. Those businesses must give a notice at collection, treat a browser’s Global Privacy Control signal as an opt-out and, if they sell or share data for advertising, show a “Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information” link. A second California law has no threshold: any site that collects personal information from Californians must post a privacy policy that says what it collects, whether other companies can track visitors through it, and how it responds to a browser’s Do Not Track signal. Other states have passed laws on the same pattern. Below those thresholds the Federal Trade Commission still acts against hidden fees, subscriptions that are hard to cancel, and privacy settings defaulted to maximum collection.

Australia. The Privacy Act covers organisations with annual turnover over AUD 3 million, and smaller ones that trade in personal information or provide health services. A covered organisation must have a clear privacy policy, tell people what it collects and why at the point of collection, and take reasonable steps to protect what it holds. There is no cookie-consent rule of the European kind.

So a business site can run with no consent banner in all four places, if it uses nothing that needs consent. Ours uses nothing that needs consent, so it has no banner, and the privacy notice says exactly what is collected. If we add analytics, it will ask first. A marketing pixel, an embedded video that sets its own cookies or a chat widget that profiles visitors needs the same real choice before it loads in the UK and the EU. In the United States it may load first, but a business that California’s law covers must let visitors refuse it and must honour the browser’s privacy signal. We build to the UK rule wherever the visitor is.

A contact form collects your name, your address and your message because you asked for a reply. We keep it as long as the conversation needs and say so. A form that quietly adds you to a mailing list is not a safe form anywhere.

Who can use it

Many people use the web in ways designers forget: on a mobile phone in sunlight, with text zoomed to twice its size, with a screen reader, with a keyboard alone. The standard that makes “usable by anyone” concrete is the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.2, at level AA. The law behind it differs by country; the standard does not.

United Kingdom. The Equality Act 2010 puts a duty on anyone providing a service to the public to make reasonable adjustments. A website is a service.

European Union. The European Accessibility Act applies to products and services placed on the market after 28 June 2025, and online shops are covered. Service businesses with fewer than 10 employees and under EUR 2 million turnover are exempt.

United States. The Department of Justice’s position is that the Americans with Disabilities Act applies to the goods and services a business offers on the web. No version of WCAG is mandated for businesses. For state and local governments the Department has set WCAG 2.1 AA, with deadlines in 2027 and 2028.

Australia. The Disability Discrimination Act 1992 makes it unlawful to discriminate in providing goods, services and facilities. The Australian Human Rights Commission’s April 2025 guidelines recommend WCAG 2.2 Level AA or higher for websites, online shops and apps.

WCAG 2.2 added nine criteria to the previous version. The ones that catch business sites most often are target size (things you tap must be at least 24 pixels across), dragging movements (anything you drag must also work without dragging), focus not obscured (a sticky header must not hide what the keyboard has selected), and redundant entry (a form must not ask for the same thing twice). We build to 2.2 AA, which meets or exceeds what any of the four requires, and publish an accessibility statement that says what was tested, what is known not to pass yet, and how to report a problem. A statement that claims full compliance with no list of exceptions is a statement nobody tested.

Doing what it says

The third part of safe is the plainest. The form should deliver the message and tell you it has. The phone number should ring. A price shown should be the price charged. A button marked “Download the data sheet” should download the data sheet, not open a form. The company behind the site should be identifiable; UK companies must show their registered name and number on their websites, and a site anywhere that hides who runs it is telling you something. Surveys of industrial buyers say they leave supplier sites over gated content, missing prices and forms that do not work.

Check your own site in five minutes

  1. Open your site in a private browser window. If a banner appears before you have done anything, something is being set. Ask what, and whether the site works if you decline.
  2. Press the Tab key repeatedly. A visible outline should move through every link, button and field, in a sensible order, and never disappear behind a header.
  3. Zoom to 200 per cent. Nothing should overlap, vanish or need sideways scrolling.
  4. Send yourself a message through the contact form. Time how long it takes to arrive and read what the confirmation says.
  5. Look for the legal name of the business behind the site and a way to reach it. UK companies must also show their registered number. If you cannot find who runs the site, neither can a procurement officer.

What safe means on this site

  1. It stores and reads nothing on the visitor’s device without a lawful reason. Where only exempt technologies are used, there is no consent banner, and the privacy notice says what is collected and how to object.
  2. A contact form keeps only what a reply needs, for as long as the conversation needs it.
  3. It meets WCAG 2.2 AA, with a dated statement listing what was tested and anything known not to pass.
  4. It works at 320 pixels wide, at 200 per cent zoom, and with a keyboard alone.
  5. The registered company details are on every page.
  6. Every button and link says where it goes and goes there.

Where this definition is used

The Websites page builds to all six. The Privacy page is the notice this definition requires, and the Accessibility statement is the dated record. The Website Risk Analysis checks your site against the same list and tells you what fixing each failure would take.

If the five-minute check turned up something you did not expect, talk to an engineer. Tell us what you found and where your buyers are. We will tell you whether it matters and what it would take to put right.

  • NextThe October 2026 PHP flaws reach every website that runs on PHPTwo critical flaws fixed in PHP itself on 21 October 2026 reach every website that runs on PHP, whichever system sits on top, and only a PHP update fixes them, so the question for an owner is which PHP version the site runs and whether it has a fix.
  • PreviousWhat makes a website secureSecure means there is as little as possible to attack, what remains is patched inside the window attackers now use, and there is a tested way back if it fails.

Sources (19)

  1. Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003, regulation 6 as amended legislation.gov.uk, In force 5 February 2026. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  2. Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003, Schedule A1 legislation.gov.uk, In force 5 February 2026. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  3. Equality Act 2010, sections 20 and 29 legislation.gov.uk, 2010. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  4. Companies Act 2006, section 82 legislation.gov.uk, 2006. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  5. Guidelines 2/2023 on the technical scope of Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive European Data Protection Board, Final version 16 October 2024. Accessed 4 November 2026.
  6. Data protection under GDPR European Union, Your Europe, Last checked 5 August 2026. Accessed 4 November 2026.
  7. Principles of the GDPR: what information must be given to individuals whose data is processed? European Commission, Current. Accessed 4 November 2026.
  8. Services, goods and their digital accessibility (European Accessibility Act) European Union, Your Europe, Last checked 12 July 2026. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  9. Guidance on web accessibility and the ADA US Department of Justice, 18 March 2022. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  10. Fact sheet, new rule on the accessibility of web content and mobile apps provided by state and local governments US Department of Justice, 2024, deadlines amended April 2026. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  11. California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) California Department of Justice, Updated 28 August 2026. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  12. California Privacy Protection Agency announces 2025 increases for CCPA fines and penalties California Privacy Protection Agency, 17 December 2024. Accessed 6 November 2026.
  13. California Online Privacy Protection Act, Business and Professions Code section 22575 FindLaw, Current code. Accessed 6 November 2026.
  14. FTC report shows rise in sophisticated dark patterns designed to trick and trap consumers US Federal Trade Commission, 15 September 2022. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  15. Rights and responsibilities under the Privacy Act Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, Current. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  16. Australian Privacy Principles quick reference Office of the Australian Information Commissioner, Current. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  17. Disability Discrimination Act 1992, section 24, Goods, services and facilities Federal Register of Legislation, Compilation October 2026. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  18. Guidelines on equal access to digital goods and services Australian Human Rights Commission, April 2025. Accessed 28 October 2026.
  19. What's new in WCAG 2.2 W3C Web Accessibility Initiative, 5 October 2023. Accessed 28 October 2026.